Ethical
Guidelines
[Journal of Northeast Asian Arts and
Cultural Management (JNAACM)]
Chapter
1. General Rules
Article 1 (Purpose)
The
purpose of the following rules is to present the basic ethical principles and
direction needed to ensure the research ethics of editorial board members,
peer-reviewers, and authors who examine or submit articles to the Journal of
Northeast Asian Arts and Cultural Management (JNAACM). The Northeast Asian Arts
and Cultural Management Association (NAACMA) publishes these rules to present
the procedure and actions for research misconduct.
Article 2 (Object of the
Study and Scope)
The
research is subject to sanction, investigation, and judgment to determine
whether research ethics were followed when any of the following occurs:
a.
The study was
submitted to the Journal of Northeast Asian Arts and Cultural Management,
b.
The study was
confirmed to be published in the Journal of Northeast Asian Arts and Cultural
Management,
c.
The study
has already been published in the Journal of Northeast Asian Arts and Cultural
Management.
Chapter
2. Honesty and Social Responsibility of the Research
Section
1. Honesty in the Research
Article 3 (Honesty of the
Research)
1. Researchers
must conduct every research behavior (proposing research, researching, reporting
and presenting research, investigating and judging) honestly and sincerely.
2. Researchers
must describe the content and the importance of the study clearly and
objectively, and must not delete or add results arbitrarily.
3. Researchers
must carry out every study without any bias or prejudgment.
Article 4 (Ethics for
Researchers)
1. Researchers
must not commit research misconduct during any part of the research process.
2. A study
must not be submitted if it has been published in other journals, and researchers
must not request a review of the study from different journals at the same
time. However, a thesis or a paper presented at a conference as a working paper
shall be an exception.
Article 5 (The Record,
Storage, and Report of Research Data and its Disclosure)
1. All
research information must be clearly and precisely recorded, processed, and
preserved so that it may be accurately analyzed and confirmed.
2. Researchers
shall use proper research methods and statistics, and those shall be available
to the public if necessary.
Section
2. Fairness in Researchers’ Contributions
Article 6 (Collaborative
Research)
Researchers
must make the roles and contributions of all contributors clear if they conduct
a joint study with other researchers, and shall take full responsibility for
establishing this. Before conducting research, mutual agreement, and
understanding shall be made about property rights and ownership issues,
research director selection, authorship and the standard of order, the data
collection method, individual role in the study, and expectations and objectives
of the study.
Article 7 (Responsibility and
Duty, Order of Authors)
1.
Researchers are responsible only for the study
that they carry out or are involved in as an author, and are recognized for
that achievement.
2. Authors must accept requests for proof of their contributions.
3.
The order of authors must accurately reflect the
academic contribution by each author to the research contents or results,
regardless of the authors’ relative positions.
Article 8 (Corresponding
Author)
1.
Corresponding authors shall take overall
responsibility for the results of the study and proofs.
2.
Corresponding authors shall have the burden of
proof with respect to the order of the author and co-author(s).
Article 9 (Affiliation of
Author)
When
indicating the affiliation of the author(s), the author’s current status in
principle shall be given. However, it is possible to follow the customs of the
author’s academic field if their field of affiliation follows a different
custom.
Chapter
3. Research Misconduct and Unethical Research Conduct
Section
1. Methods and Principles of Citation
Article 10 (Methods and
Principles of Citation)
1.
The author may cite a part of other
researchers’ studies in his/her research paper using their original text, or
the translated version by introducing, referring to, or making a comment on the
original.
2.
The author shall take all possible measures to
ensure accuracy in stating sources and making the list of references. The
author must confirm all elements of a citation (author’s name, number/volume of
the journal, page, and published year) not depending on the secondary source
but solely on the original work. However, when inevitable, the author can include
acknowledgment.
3.
The author must cite reasonably and use the
good faith principle so that uncited works can be clearly distinguished from
cited works.
4.
The author must cite published works only.
However, in the case of citing unpublished academic materials that have been
acquired through personal contact, paper review, or proposal review, the author
must acquire consent from the relevant researcher(s).
5.
When the author introduces ideas or theories in
his/her work that have been presented in another study, the source must be
stated.
6.
The author must distinguish his/her ideas from cited
materials when borrowing substantive parts from one source, so readers can
recognize the author’s work.
7.
If a reference has a significant impact on the
direction of the research or can help the reader understand the contents, the
author must include all such works on the list of references, except in such cases
where the relevant research can theoretically and empirically be inferred.
Article 11 (Method of General
Knowledge Citation)
1.
If the author uses someone else’s idea or a
fact provided by them, the source should be provided. However, general
knowledge or material that general readers will already recognize shall be an
exception.
2.
If the author is unsure whether any concept or
fact qualifies as general knowledge, it is recommended to cite the original
text.
Section
2. Research Misconduct
Article 12 (Definition of
Research Misconduct)
“Research
misconduct” refers to any instances of forgery, falsification, plagiarism,
failure to give proper credit to co-authors, or redundant publications that may
emerge during the entire research process (research proposal, conduct of
research, report, and presentation of research, investigation, and judgment).
1.
“Forgery” refers to the act of presenting
non-existent data or research results.
2.
“Falsification” refers to the acts that
artificially manipulate research processes, randomly modify, or delete data
resulting in distorted research content or research results. (Here, “deletion”
refers to the act of using only favorable data and intentionally excluding the
data that might cause unexpected or undesired results.).
3.
“Fabrication” refers to the act of
intentionally creating a document or record that does not exist.
4.
“Plagiarism” refers to the acts that pirate another’s
work, ideas, or research, using ideas, hypotheses, theories, research contents,
or research results without justifiable approvals, citations, or quotations, as
if those were his/her own.
a. “Idea
Plagiarism” refers to the act of using someone else’s ideas (explanations,
theories, conclusions, hypothesis, and metaphors) in full, substantial
proportions or a fragmented revised form without giving appropriate credit to
the originator of the words and ideas. Authors have a moral responsibility to indicate
the source of ideas through a footnote or a reference. Authors must furthermore
not steal other’s ideas which are known through peer review of research
proposals and submitted articles.
b. “Text
plagiarism” refers to the act of copying text from another’s work without
clarifying the original author.
c. “Mosaic
plagiarism” refers to the act of combining a part of a text with a few words
added, inserted, or replaced with synonyms, and others without clarifying the
source or the original author.
5.
“Redundant Publication” refers to the act of
publishing a paper that is identical or highly similar text to one that has
already been published in the past in another academic journal without alerting
the editors or readers of the fact that this work was previously published
elsewhere. If the contents of the paper are almost the same as his/her
previously published paper, the later paper is regarded as a redundant
publication even if the text has a different point of view or perspective, or
includes a different analysis based on the same data that has been previously
published. In the case in which the author would like to publish a paper using
a previously published paper, he/she must acquire permission from the
chairperson after providing the information about the publication and
double-checking whether it is a redundant publication or duplication of a publication.
6.
“Self-plagiarism” refers to the act of using
images, graphs, or part of one’s research already published without identifying
the source, and it is regarded as a redundant publication.
7.
“Failing to give proper credit to co-authors”
refers to the act of failing to list those who have contributed academically to
the research process or results as a co-author or conversely to the act of
listing those who have not made any academic contribution as
co-authors.
8.
The JNAACM may use anti-plagiarism software to check
submitted manuscripts for originality. The JNAACM rejects papers that lead to
plagiarism or self-plagiarism.
Article 13 (Research
Misconduct and Copyright Infringement)
1.
Generally, the copyright of all papers and
instances published through NAACMA is assigned to the author. However, if they
are utilized for public objects like education, NAACMA owns the right of use.
2.
The full term of copyright is assigned to the
academic journal publisher in all papers published in academic journals.
3.
It should be noted that “Redundant Publication”
may cause copyright violation.
4.
It should be noted that the author should use
proper quotation marks when widely citing text from copyrighted sources, and even
if the text is properly cited, it could infringe copyright.
5.
Proceedings papers may not be published later as journal
articles unless the papers have been substantially revised to include new or
additional material. Authors must provide details of the conference proceedings
paper with their submission including relevant citations in the submitted
manuscript. Authors must obtain all necessary permissions to re-use previously
published material and attribute appropriately.
Section
3. Inappropriate Writing
Article 14 (Inappropriate
Writing)
The
following are regarded as inappropriate writing:
a.
Inappropriate citations
b.
Distorting references
c.
The act of depending on abstracts when citing
the published paper
d.
Citing papers that the author did not read or
understand
e.
The act of partially citing despite intensively
borrowing from a single source
f.
The act of reusing text
Article 15 (Prohibition of
Distortion of References)
1. References
must only include documents that are directly related to the article content.
Unrelated references to intentionally manipulate the citation index of the paper
or academic journal should not be included.
2. As a
moral responsibility, the author should not only cite the references that will
be favorable to his/her data or theory but also cite references that may
contrast with his/her point of view.
Article 16 (Reuse of Text)
1.
“Reuse of Text” refers to the act of re-using a
part of the manuscript that he/she has used in a previous paper.
2.
Text reuse is an act contradictory to ethical
writing, so the author must avoid re-using text already used. In case of
unavoidable text re-use, the author should not violate copyright infringement
by following standardized reference practices including the use of quotation
marks or proper indication.
Chapter
4. Ethical Rule Enforcement
Section
1. Research Ethics Committee
Article 17 (Ethical Rule
Pledge)
New
members who have enrolled in the research pool of NAACMA shall be acquainted
and pledge to abide by these research ethics when submitting to the “Journal of
East Asian Health” and conducting research. Current members shall be regarded as
having pledged to abide by these research ethics when initiated.
Article 18 (The Announcement
of Violation of Ethical Rule)
If a
member learns that another member has violated any ethical rules, he/she should
endeavor to correct the mistake by helping make him/her aware of the rules.
However, if he/she does not correct the violation or the ethical violation is unveiled,
the member must report to the committee immediately.
Article 19 (Organization of
the Research Ethics Committee)
NAACMA
shall establish a Research Ethics Committee (hereinafter referred to as the
“Committee”) mandated to deliberate on matters falling under each of the
following sub-paragraphs:
1. Matters
concerning the establishment and revision of these rules
2. Matters
concerning acceptance and handling of misconduct
3. Matters
concerning beginning actual investigation and decision, approval, and
re-deliberation of investigation results
4. Matters
concerning the protection of informant and examinee
5. Matters
concerning investigation of research integrity, handling of investigation
results and follow up measures
6. All the
matters concerning operations of other committees
Article 20 (Organization of
Research Ethics Committee)
1.
The Committee shall
consist of one chairperson and members of no less than five but no more than
nine persons.
2.
The chairperson and the members shall be
appointed by the chairman of NAACMA.
3.
The members of this committee shall hold a one
year term and they may be reappointed.
4.
The chairperson and the members of this
committee shall maintain independence and confidentiality with respect to the
details relating to deliberations and decisions.
Article 21 (Organization of
Research Ethics Committee)
1.
The chairperson of the committee shall convene
any meeting and preside over such meetings.
2.
The committee’s meetings shall open with the
attendance of a majority of the total members including the chairperson and
resolve with the concurrent vote of a majority of those present.
3.
No meeting of the committee shall be open to
the public. [The meeting shall not be open to the public in principle, but
whenever deemed necessary, the committee can ask the related party and hear
their opinions.]
4.
Whenever deemed necessary, the committee can
ask the related party and hear their opinions.
5.
Any member who is involved in the research
subject to an investigation will not be permitted to attend the concerned
meeting due to a conflict of interest.
Article 22 (Authorities and
Responsibilities of the Committee)
1.
The committee can summon for attendance and
data submission any informants, examinees, witnesses and testifiers, in the
process of an investigation.
2.
When the examinee refuses to attend the meeting
or data submission without a justifiable reason, it could be presumed as an
indication that he/she has acknowledged the allegations.
3.
The committee can take substantial measures to
prevent any loss, damage, concealment or falsification of research records or
evidence.
4.
The committee members should comply with confidentiality
concerning deliberation-related matters.
Section
2. Research Integrity Investigation
Article 23 (Reporting a
Fraudulent Act)
An
informant can report a fraudulent act using any means available when reporting
using their real name. However, when reporting anonymously, he/she must submit
the title of the paper, and the evidence and detail of the misconduct in
writing or by e-mail.
Article 24 (Confidentiality
and Protection of Rights of Examinee and Informant)
1.
The committee should not reveal the personal
information of the informant unless it is necessary.
2.
The committee must take action to protect the
informant if the informant experiences illegitimate pressure or threats due to
reporting the fraudulent act.
3.
Until the investigation of a fraudulent act is
completed, the committee must be careful not to infringe upon the rights or
reputation of the examinee. If the person turns out to be innocent, the
committee must make efforts to recover the reputation of the person.
4.
The identity of the informant, investigators,
testifiers, and consultants should not be disclosed.
5.
All facts relating to research ethics and
authenticity investigations must remain confidential and the people involved in
the investigation must not reveal any information obtained during the process.
If there is a need to disclose related information, the committee can vote to
make such a decision.
Article 25 (Raising an
Objection and Protection of Defense Right)
1.
The committee must ensure the informant and
examinee have equal rights and opportunities to state their opinions and
objections. Such procedures must be informed to them beforehand.
2.
An examinee or informant may require the
avoidance of deliberation and decision after explanation in case he/she expects
an unfair decision.
3.
The research ethics committee must give the examinee
a chance to submit their opinion and clarify any fact revealed during the first
report or any additional report.
Article 26 (Preliminary
Investigation of Research Misconduct)
1.
The committee must investigate the presence of
misconduct if there is a considerable doubt about legitimate conduct or
detailed information about misconduct.
2.
The chairperson can officially carry out the
investigation (hereinafter referred to as the “preliminary investigation”)
which is a procedure to decide whether the suspected misconduct should be
investigated after consultation with the chairman of NAACMA.
3.
The committee shall form the preliminary
investigation committee consisting of no more than five members within 30 days
of reporting.
4.
The committee shall inform the informant and
examinee of the formation of such a committee, and give the examinee a chance
to clarify within 30 days.
5.
A preliminary investigation is initiated within
30 days of the formation of the preliminary investigation committee, and the
investigation should be completed within 30 days of the start of the
investigation except in unavoidable circumstances.
6.
If it has been more than five years since a
misconduct was committed, the reporting is not handled in principle even if the
reporting is accepted.
7.
Through preliminary investigation, the
following is reviewed:
a. Whether
the reported instance qualifies as research misconduct
b. Whether
the reporting is specific and clear enough to lead to an actual investigation
c. Whether
more than five years has passed since the reported misconduct was committed
Article 27 (Report and Notice
of the Preliminary Investigation Result)
1.
The result of the preliminary investigation
shall be notified to the informant and examinee within ten days of the
committee’s decision, and reported to the chairman of NAACMA.
2.
The result report of the preliminary investigation
must include the following:
a. Specific
information regarding the alleged misconduct
b. Facts
regarding the alleged misconduct
c. Grounding
for decision on whether to conduct an actual investigation
Article 28 (Raising an
Objection and Protection of Right of Defense)
1.
The committee must ensure that the informant
and examinee have equal rights and opportunities of opinion statement and
objection. Such procedure must be informed beforehand.
2.
The informant and examinee can make an
objection within ten days from the day of being notified of the preliminary
investigation.
Article 29 (Beginning and
Duration of an Actual Investigation)
1.
The actual investigation begins within 30 days
after a positive result from a preliminary investigation. During the period,
the actual investigation committee consisting of no more than nine persons
(including the preliminary investigation committee) must be formed to conduct
an actual investigation.
2.
The actual investigation must be completed
within 90 days from the beginning date.
3.
If the investigation committee decides that it
cannot be completed within the specified period, it can explain the reason to
the committee and request a 30 day extension (one time only).
Article 30 (Formation of an
Actual Investigation Committee)
1. An
actual investigation committee is composed of no more than nine members.
2. Formation
and duration of an actual investigation committee is determined by the
committee. The chairperson of the actual investigation committee is elected
among the actual investigation members.
3. The
investigation committee shall include at least two members with specialized
knowledge and experience in the relevant field.
4. A person
who has a stake in the investigated matter must not be included in the actual
investigation committee.
Article 31 (Request for
Appearance and Document Submission)
1.
The actual investigation committee can request
the examinee, informant(s), and testifiers to appear for testimony, and the
examinee must comply.
2. The
actual investigation committee can ask the examinee for submission of a
document, and retain and store the relative research materials about the person
involved in the misconduct after the approval of the head of the research
organization in order to preserve evidence relating to the investigation.
Article 32 (Exclusion,
Avoidance and Evasion)
1.
The examinee or informant(s) can require exclusion
by identifying the reason if there are reasons to believe that a committee
member is unable to maintain fairness. When such request for exclusion is
recognized, the member subjected to the request shall be excluded from the
concerned investigation.
2.
If the committee member is directly related to
the corresponding matter, he/she shall be excluded from all deliberation,
decisions, and investigation of the matter.
3.
The chairperson can suspend the qualification
of a member who is related to the corresponding matter in connection with the
corresponding investigation.
Article 33 (Investigation
Report Submission)
The
actual investigation committee must submit the result to the committee within
the actual investigation period, and the result must include the following:
a. Specific
details of the alleged misconduct
b. Facts
regarding the alleged misconduct
c. Evidence,
witness list and affidavits
d. Investigation
results
e. Other
data useful for decisions
Article 34 (Decision)
1. The decision must be made within six months
from the beginning of the preliminary investigation.
2. The
committee shall make the decision confirming that the examinee committed
research misconduct after reviewing the result report.
Section
3. Action after Investigation
Article 35 (Action by
Investigation Result)
When a decision is made confirming the research misconduct, the
committee can sanction the author with applicable punishment to each of the
following, or impose corresponding retribution.
a. The
publication is postponed until the final decision of the research ethics
committee is made even if the paper has been confirmed to the author that it
will be published.
b. The
publication of the paper to which the research misconduct is related is to be
canceled and deleted from the article list of the journal even if the volume
has already been published.
c. The
author found to have committed such misconduct is prohibited from submitting
papers to the journal for three years, and these facts are made public on the
homepage of the journal (http://www. jnaacm.org).
d. If there
is an author found to have committed plagiarism or redundant publication, the
editorial board stores the relevant investigation details for five years.
e. The
chairperson of the organization with which the author(s) is affiliated is
notified of the final decision.
Article 36 (Investigation
Result Notification)
The
chairperson of the committee shall immediately notify the related persons such
as the informant and examinee of the committee’s decision regarding the
investigation result in writing.
Article 37 (Investigation
Result Notification)
1.
If the informant or the examinee refuses the
committee’s decision, he/she must submit a re-deliberation request to the
committee within 15 days from receipt of the result notice as prescribed in
Article 37.
2.
The committee must decide whether
re-deliberation is necessary within 10 days of the receipt of the re-deliberation
request.
3.
The committee will decide there-deliberation
procedure and method.
Article 38 (Follow-ups such
as Recovery of Author’s Honor)
If the
results of the investigation confirm that no research misconduct has been
identified, the committee must take follow-up steps to recover the reputation
of the examinee.
Article 39 (Storing the
Record and Confidentiality)
1.
All records regarding the preliminary and
actual investigation are stored for five years from the date of the investigation’s
conclusion.
2.
All facts relating to research ethics and the
investigation must remain confidential and the people involved in the
investigation must not reveal any information obtained during the process. If
there is a need to disclose investigation information, the committee can vote
to make such decision.
Article 40 (Etc.)
Matters
that are not determined by these rules are to be decided by the editorial
board.
Article 41 (Date of
Effectiveness)
These
regulations shall be effective as of March 1, 2024.